efference copy造句

• Efference copies are important in enabling motor adaptation such as to enhance gaze stability.
• The forward model takes the efference copy as an input and outputs the expected sensory changes.
• The motor command input to the forward model can be an efference copy, as seen in Figure 1.
• These forward models receive efference copies of input motor commands being sent to the body and the resulting output sensory signals.
• This possibly reflects inputs from the motor system ( " motor efference copy " ) preparing the network for an impending head turn.
• These findings are also in line with Leonardo's ( 2004 ) efference copy model of error correction in birdsong learning and production.
• When applying adaptive control theory techniques to motor control, efference copy is used in indirect control schemes as the input to the reference model.
• It is generally thought that a movement is recognized as internally generated when the efference copy signal effectively " cancels out " the re-afference.
• In this forward model, the motor cortex sends a motor command to the vocal tract and an efference copy to the internal model of the vocal tract.
• Throughout the duration of a motor task, an efference copy is fed into a forward model known as a dynamics predictor whose output allows prediction of the motor output.
• With the assumption that new models can be acquired and pre-existing models can be updated, the efference copy is important for the adaptive control of a movement task.
• This efference copy, by providing the input to a forward internal model, is then used to generate the predicted sensory feedback that estimates the sensory consequences of a motor command.
• In particular, a comparator model based on efference copy can be seen as a more sophisticated way of characterizing Wegner s consistency parameter and the computations that are likely to be a part of it.
• That is, the efference copy allows the recurrent afferent somatosensory flow from the periphery associated with the self-generated movement to be recognized as " re-afference " as distinct from " ex-afference ".
• The internal model theory of motor control argues that the motor system is controlled by the constant interactions of the  central nervous system ( CNS ), feedback information, and the efference copy, is sent to the plant which moves accordingly.
• For example if, in addition to reaching with the arm, the hand must be controlled to grab an object, an efference copy of the arm motor command can be input into a forward model to estimate the arm's predicted trajectory.
• An "'efference copy "'or "'efferent copy "'is an internal copy of an outflowing ( " internal models, efference copies can serve to enable the brain to predict the effects of an action.
• An "'efference copy "'or "'efferent copy "'is an internal copy of an outflowing ( " internal models, efference copies can serve to enable the brain to predict the effects of an action.
• The afferent return from the limb is effectively correlated with the efference copy signal so that the re-afference can be recognized as such and distinguished from " ex-afference ", which would be afferent return from the limb produced by an externally imposed force.
• Theoretical work has shown that in models of motor control, when inverse models are used in combination with a forward model, the efference copy of the motor command output from the inverse model can be used as an input to a forward model for further predictions.